Citrine: November's Warm Yellow Birthstone

Citrine is November's second birthstone alongside topaz, and the most affordable warm-yellow gemstone available in fine jewellery. A variety of quartz coloured by trace iron, citrine ranges from pale lemon-yellow to deep madeira-orange. This guide covers what citrine is, how to evaluate it, and what to look for when buying one.

In short: Citrine is November's second birthstone alongside topaz, and the most affordable warm-yellow gemstone in fine jewellery. A quartz variety (Mohs 7) coloured by trace iron, ranging from pale lemon to deep madeira-orange. Most citrine is heat-treated amethyst — a stable, industry-standard process. A 1-carat lemon citrine pendant starts around £40-100; deep madeira runs £150-350 per carat.

What is citrine

Citrine is the yellow-to-orange variety of crystalline quartz (silicon dioxide). It scores 7 on the Mohs hardness scale — durable enough for daily-wear jewellery, slightly softer than tourmaline or topaz. Pure quartz is colourless; trace iron creates citrine's warm hue. Most citrine on the market is heat-treated amethyst — the heat converts the purple iron-defect colour to yellow. Natural citrine (untreated yellow quartz) is rarer but the difference is invisible to the eye and to most lab tests.

Colour and grading

Citrine colour grades on saturation and hue. The most prized "madeira" citrine displays deep golden-orange with red undertones — colour reminiscent of fortified wine. Pale lemon citrine is more common and considerably less expensive. Brazilian "Palmeira" and "Rio Grande" citrines hit the most coveted madeira tones. Untreated natural citrine tends toward pale yellow; the deeper orange shades almost always result from heat treatment of amethyst.

Pricing

Citrine is the most affordable coloured gemstone in fine jewellery. A 1-carat lemon-yellow citrine in 9ct gold pendant or earrings starts around £40–£100. A 1-carat deep madeira citrine in 18ct gold runs £150–£350. Large citrines (5+ carats) remain accessible — a 10-carat deep madeira citrine ring sits at £600–£1,500. For buyers wanting visible warm colour at a low price, citrine has no real competitor.

Origin and supply

Brazil is the dominant source for citrine — particularly the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais. Madagascar, Bolivia, and Russia also produce smaller volumes. Most commercial citrine is heat-treated amethyst from Brazilian deposits; the treatment has been industry-standard since the 1940s. Supply is plentiful at every quality grade, which keeps pricing stable and accessible.

Citrine in jewellery

Citrine's 7 hardness, abundant supply, and warm colour make it well-suited to large statement pieces — cocktail rings, big pendants, chunky earrings. Yellow gold pairs particularly well with citrine, reinforcing the warm tone. White gold or platinum creates an interesting contrast that brightens the yellow. Common citrine cuts include emerald cut (showcases colour depth), oval (most flattering shape), and pear (classic pendant choice).

Frequently Asked Questions

Is citrine a real gemstone?

Yes — citrine is a natural variety of quartz. Most citrine on the market is heat-treated amethyst, which is a long-established and widely accepted practice in the gem trade. The resulting stone has the same chemical and physical properties as natural-coloured citrine. Reputable retailers disclose heat treatment on the certificate.

What is the difference between citrine and yellow topaz?

Different minerals. Citrine is quartz (silicon dioxide, Mohs 7), and topaz is aluminium silicate (Mohs 8). Citrine is more affordable and softer; yellow topaz is harder and more expensive per carat. The colour can look similar but a side-by-side comparison shows topaz tends to be more golden and slightly brighter; citrine is more honey-toned. For value, citrine wins; for hardness and prestige, topaz.

Is citrine suitable for engagement rings?

Citrine works for engagement rings but its 7 hardness is on the lower end for daily-wear jewellery. With reasonable care (avoid manual work, remove for gym, routine cleaning), a citrine engagement ring lasts decades. Bezel settings protect the stone effectively. For brides with very active lifestyles, sapphire (Mohs 9) or topaz (Mohs 8) are more practical alternatives.

Will citrine fade in sunlight?

Heat-treated citrine (most citrine on the market) is colour-stable and does not fade under normal wear or sun exposure. Some natural citrines from Brazil show slight colour fading after prolonged sun exposure (months in direct sunlight) — store the piece out of direct daylight when not worn to maintain optimal colour. The fade is reversible by gentle re-heat treatment by a gem lab.

How do I care for citrine jewellery?

Clean citrine with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaning are generally safe for clean citrines without significant inclusions. Avoid prolonged exposure to high heat or sudden temperature changes. Store separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching. With routine care, citrine jewellery retains its colour and clarity for life.

Explore citrine jewellery at Reve

Reve Diamonds creates bespoke citrine pendants, earrings, and rings at our London showroom. Browse our pendants & necklaces collection for inspiration or contact us for a custom commission featuring a citrine centre stone.