Zircon is a captivating gemstone cherished for its remarkable brilliance and diverse color palette.

However, distinguishing genuine zircon from synthetic counterparts or imitations like cubic zirconia can be challenging.

This guide aims to help you identify authentic zircon, ensuring you make informed decisions when purchasing or evaluating this exquisite gem.

Understanding Zircon

Zircon is a naturally occurring mineral, specifically zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄), found in various hues including blue, yellow, green, brown, red, and colorless varieties.

Its high refractive index and strong dispersion give it a brilliance and fire comparable to diamonds.

Notably, zircon should not be confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic material with different properties.

If you're curious about the differences between natural and lab-created options, check out lab-grown diamonds vs gemstones for a deeper dive.

Physical Properties of Genuine Zircon

Hardness

Zircon ranks between 6 and 7.5 on the Mohs scale, indicating moderate hardness.

While it can resist scratches better than softer minerals, it is still susceptible to abrasion over time.

Refractive Index

With a refractive index ranging from 1.925 to 1.961, zircon exhibits significant brilliance.

Birefringence

Zircon displays strong birefringence (double refraction), causing facet edges to appear doubled when viewed through the top of the stone.

This characteristic is a key identifier.

Specific Gravity

Zircon's specific gravity varies between 4.6 and 4.7, making it denser than many other gemstones.

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Visual Inspection Tips

Brilliance and Fire

Authentic zircon exhibits notable brilliance and fire, displaying multicolored flashes under light.

Doubling of Facets

Due to its birefringence, genuine zircon may show a doubling of facet edges when viewed from certain angles, especially through the table (top) of the stone.

Inclusions

Natural zircons often contain inclusions such as needle-like structures or tension fissures, whereas synthetic stones tend to be flawless.

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Distinguishing Zircon from Cubic Zirconia

Composition

Zircon is a natural zirconium silicate, while cubic zirconia is a synthetic zirconium dioxide.

Hardness

Cubic zirconia is harder, rating about 8 to 8.5 on the Mohs scale, compared to zircon's 6 to 7.5.

Refractive Index

Cubic zirconia has a higher refractive index (2.15–2.18) than zircon, contributing to its distinct appearance.

Birefringence

Unlike zircon, cubic zirconia does not exhibit birefringence, so facet doubling is absent.

Specific Gravity

Cubic zirconia is denser, with a specific gravity between 5.6 and 6.0, compared to zircon's 4.6 to 4.7.

Still unsure about the science behind these stones? You might enjoy reading about how gemstones and diamonds are formed.

Professional Gemological Testing

For definitive identification, consider consulting a certified gemologist who can perform tests such as:

Refractometer Test

Measures the gemstone's refractive index to confirm its identity.

Specific Gravity Test

Determines density, aiding in distinguishing zircon from other gems.

Microscopic Examination

Reveals inclusions and birefringence patterns characteristic of zircon.

Purchasing Tips

Reputable Sellers

Buy from trusted jewelers or gemstone dealers who provide detailed information and certification.

Certification

Request a gemstone certificate from a recognized gemological laboratory to verify authenticity.

Price Consideration

Be cautious of prices that seem too good to be true; genuine zircon has intrinsic value.

Caring for Zircon Jewelry

Cleaning

Use warm, soapy water and a soft brush.

Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, as zircon can be brittle.

Storage

Store separately to prevent scratches from harder gemstones.

Handling

Avoid exposure to sudden temperature changes and harsh chemicals.

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FAQs

Is zircon the same as cubic zirconia?

No, zircon is a natural gemstone, whereas cubic zirconia is a synthetic diamond simulant.

Can zircon be used in engagement rings?

Yes, but due to its moderate hardness and brittleness, it's advisable to use protective settings and handle the ring with care.

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Does zircon come in different colors?

Yes, zircon is found in various colors, including blue, yellow, green, brown, red, and colorless varieties.